# （四）Git克隆与更新代码 请先阅读： [GitHub注册与Git安装](/git/registration-and-installation/) [通过Git提交代码到GitHub](/git/git-commit-code/) #### 克隆项目 ---- 我们除了可以向GitHub上提交项目外，更多的时候是我们到上面克隆（下载）优秀的开源项目来用，当然也可以将使用过程中发现的bug，通过建立分支的方式提交给项目的原作者。 我们现在的场景是在家将项目提交到了GitHub上，现在来到公司，需要将GitHub上的项目克隆到本地，那么对于公司的电脑来说，同样需要与GitHub建立连接。 首先，下载安装Git。 其次，通过Git生成本地公钥，并且将公钥添加到GitHub中。 最后，设置仓库人员的用户名和邮箱地址。 __具体操作请参考前面的章节__。当一切都设置完成后，就可以从GitHub上克隆项目到本地了。我们同样以Windows系统为例，打开Git Bash。 Company@MININT-IQVJFIT /d/my_test $ git clone git@github.com:defnngj/project-name.git Cloning into 'project-name'... remote: Counting objects: 3, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done. remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 3 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 Receiving objects: 100% (3/3), done. Checking connectivity... done. Company@MININT-IQVJFIT /d/my_test $ cd project-name/ Company@MININT-IQVJFIT /d/my_test/project-name (master) $ ls test_case.py __“git clone”__ 命令用于克隆GitHub上的项目到本地。通过“cd”命令进入项目目录，查看项目文件。 另外，我们也可以直接通过http链接克隆项目： $ git clone https://github.com/defnngj/project-name #### 更新项目 ---- 这次更新我们项目做了较大的变更，创建文件的文件与文件夹，并且删除了原有文件。 Company@MININT-IQVJFIT /d/my_test/project-name (master) $ git status On branch master Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'. Changes not staged for commit: (use "git add/rm ..." to update what will be committed) (use "git checkout -- ..." to discard changes in working directory) deleted: test_case.py Untracked files: (use "git add ..." to include in what will be committed) 126login.py baidu.py package/ po_login.py test_case/ no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a") 通过__“git status”__ 命令查看当前变更。通过变更信息可以看出，删除了test_case.py文件。这个删除只是在项目目录下进行删除，Git对此文件留有记忆，所以要通过 __“git rm”__ 命令将其删除。 Company@MININT-IQVJFIT /d/my_test/project-name (master) $ git rm test_case.py rm 'test_case.py' 如果删除的是文件同样用此命令，例如，__“git rm test_case/”__。 如果删除的文件名带空格，则需要通过双引号将文件名引起来，例如，__“git rm “test case.py” ”__。 Company@MININT-IQVJFIT /d/my_test/project-name (master) $ git add . Meizu@MININT-IQVJFIT /d/my_test/project-name (master) $ git status On branch master Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'. Changes to be committed: (use "git reset HEAD ..." to unstage) new file: 126login.py new file: baidu.py new file: package/__init__.py new file: package/location.py new file: po_login.py deleted: test_case.py new file: test_case/126login.py new file: test_case/allpage/__init__.py new file: test_case/allpage/base.py new file: test_case/allpage/login_page.py Company@MININT-IQVJFIT /d/my_test/project-name (master) $ git commit -m "update project" [master 0e8eece] update project 10 files changed, 377 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) create mode 100644 126login.py create mode 100644 baidu.py create mode 100644 package/__init__.py create mode 100644 package/location.py create mode 100644 po_login.py delete mode 100644 test_case.py create mode 100644 test_case/126login.py create mode 100644 test_case/allpage/__init__.py create mode 100644 test_case/allpage/base.py create mode 100644 test_case/allpage/login_page.py Company@MININT-IQVJFIT /d/my_test/project-name (master) $ git push origin master Warning: Permanently added the RSA host key for IP address '192.30.252.128' to t he list of known hosts. Counting objects: 14, done. Delta compression using up to 8 threads. Compressing objects: 100% (12/12), done. Writing objects: 100% (13/13), 3.41 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done. Total 13 (delta 2), reused 0 (delta 0) To git@github.com:defnngj/project-name.git 9b4b839..0e8eece master -> master __“git add”__ 命令对当前目录下的文件添加跟踪。 __“git commit”__ 命令将添加文件提交到本地仓库。 __“git push”__ 将本地项目提交到远程仓库GitHub。 除第一次下载项目需要通过 __“git clone”__ 将项目克隆到本地外,后续再使用 __“git pull”__ 命令时会直接将更新拉取到本地。 fnngj@FNNGJ-PC /d/project-name $ git pull origin master Warning: Permanently added the RSA host key for IP address '192.30.252.131' to t he list of known hosts. remote: Counting objects: 13, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (10/10), done. remote: Total 13 (delta 2), reused 13 (delta 2), pack-reused 0 Unpacking objects: 100% (13/13), done. From github.com:defnngj/project-name * branch master -> FETCH_HEAD 9b4b839..0e8eece master -> origin/master Updating 9b4b839..0e8eece Fast-forward 126login.py | 28 +++++++++++ baidu.py | 18 +++++++ package/__init__.py | 0 package/location.py | 81 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ po_login.py | 103 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ test_case.py | 9 ---- test_case/126login.py | 44 +++++++++++++++++ test_case/allpage/__init__.py | 0 test_case/allpage/base.py | 47 ++++++++++++++++++ test_case/allpage/login_page.py | 56 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 10 files changed, 377 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) create mode 100644 126login.py create mode 100644 baidu.py create mode 100644 package/__init__.py create mode 100644 package/location.py create mode 100644 po_login.py delete mode 100644 test_case.py create mode 100644 test_case/126login.py create mode 100644 test_case/allpage/__init__.py create mode 100644 test_case/allpage/base.py create mode 100644 test_case/allpage/login_page.py
__提示:__ 为了避免冲突我们应该形成良好的习惯，在每次 push 代码之前先把服务器上最新的代码 pull 到本地。 原始封面 ![课程图片](https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1581094016071-4715e9a1ae93?w=300)